This study was designed to investigate a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 1 of the liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) gene in 156 Junmu No. 1 white swine using PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism. The association between the polymorphism and meat quality traits was also studied. The cloning and sequencing results indicated that the polymorphism in intron 1 was due to a T→C mutation at position 1740 of L-FABP, yielding three genotypes (TT, TC, and CC). Association analysis revealed that the polymorphism had a significant effect on marbling (P < 0.05): genotype CC had more marbling than TC, and TC had more marbling than TT. The polymorphism also had a highly significant effect on intramuscular fat content (P < 0.01). Genotypes CC and TC had higher intramuscular fat content than TT; there was no significant difference between CC and TC (P > 0.05). However, no significant conclusions concerning other traits could be drawn. We tentatively conclude that L-FABP is a candidate gene or a quantitative trait locus-linked gene associated with meat quality traits.